The verses do not say that the Israelites permanently settled in Egypt or carried its gardens and springs into the wilderness. They describe a transfer of Pharaoh's power and possessions after his downfall, using "inheritance" in a broader sense than permanent residence.
What the objection fairly observes
Quran 26:57-59 mentions gardens, springs, treasures, and honorable positions, then says that the Children of Israel inherited them. Read in the narrowest possible way, this sounds like Israel took possession of Egypt itself. Yet the Exodus account says that they left Egypt and traveled toward the wilderness (Exodus 12:37-41). If "inherit" means "settled permanently in every place formerly owned by Pharaoh's people," there would indeed be a contradiction.
What the verses actually say
So We expelled them from gardens and springs, treasures and honorable stations. Thus We caused the Children of Israel to inherit them.
Quran 26:57-59
How many gardens and springs they left behind, and fields and splendid places, and comforts in which they had delighted. Thus it was. And We gave it all as an inheritance to another people.
Quran 44:25-28
The Arabic verb for inheriting, awratha, describes the transfer of something after its previous possessors have lost it. It does not by itself require the new heirs to live permanently on every piece of land. The Quran itself uses inheritance for authority, wealth, and dominion, not only for a family's permanent occupation of real estate.
Notice also that the list includes "treasures" and "honorable stations." The point is not merely agricultural geography. Pharaoh's people lost their wealth, public status, and ruling power. The Israelites, previously oppressed, were raised to dignity and received what their oppressors had possessed. The wording is a compact description of reversal and divine judgment, not a survey describing where each Israelite family resided afterward.
How this fits the Exodus account
The surrounding Quranic narrative has the Israelites leave by night, while Pharaoh and his forces pursue them. The verses in question focus on what Pharaoh's people left behind and what God transferred to the oppressed community. They do not say that Israel remained in Egypt forever, nor that every garden was physically occupied by Israelites after the Exodus.
Classical Muslim exegetes discussed the exact scope of this inheritance, and some understood it as the wealth and dominion left behind by Pharaoh's people, while others related it to the later possession of lands and authority. That interpretive range matters: the passage is not committed to the critic's most rigid reading.
Thus, the verses establish a divine transfer of wealth, status, and dominion after Pharaoh's collapse. They do not establish permanent Israelite settlement of all Egypt. The alleged contradiction arises only by adding a claim the Quran itself does not make.