In the month of Rabi al-Awwal, 11 AH, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) fell gravely ill. His illness began with a severe headache, which soon progressed into a debilitating fever. Despite his condition, the Prophet continued to lead the community as best as he could. However, as his illness worsened, he appointed Abu Bakr to lead the prayers, a decision that indicated his trust in Abu Bakr and perhaps foreshadowed the leadership role that Abu Bakr would assume after the Prophet's passing.
During the final days of his illness, the Prophet's strength waned significantly. On the morning of his passing, he found the strength to draw back the curtain of his chamber to look at his followers gathered for prayer, led by Abu Bakr. His face lit up with a smile, a gesture that reassured the community of his satisfaction with their faithfulness.
Shortly after this, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) passed away in the arms of Aisha, his beloved wife. The news of his death sent shockwaves through Madinah, leaving the community in deep sorrow and disbelief. Some companions, including Umar ibn al-Khattab, found it hard to accept the reality of the situation. It was Abu Bakr who calmed the people, reminding them of the Quranic verse 3:144, 'Muhammad is only a messenger; other messengers have passed on before him.' These words emphasized that while the Prophet had passed, the message of Islam and the guidance of God remained unchanged.