কিয়ামতের ছোট ছোট লক্ষণসমূহ: একটি কালানুক্রমিক যাত্রা

তারা কি শুধু কিয়ামতের জন্য অপেক্ষা করছে যেন হঠাৎ তাদেরকে ধরা পড়ে? অথচ এর কিছু লক্ষণ ইতিমধ্যেই এসেছে। যখন তা সত্যিই তাদের ওপর এসে পড়বে, তখন কি সচেতন হওয়ার জন্য দেরি হবে না?কুরআন ৪৭:১৮

প্রফেট মুহাম্মদ (PBUH) নিজেই তাঁর সময়ে কিয়ামতের ঘনিষ্ঠতা সম্পর্কে ইঙ্গিত দিয়েছিলেন। সাহল ইবনে সাঈদ বর্ণনা করেন যে আল্লাহর রাসূল তাঁর তর্জনী ও মধ্যমা আঙ্গুল তুলে বললেন:

আমার আগমনের সময় এবং কিয়ামত এই দুই আঙ্গুলের মতো (প্রায় একসঙ্গে)।

এমন শিক্ষাগুলো মঞ্চ প্রস্তুত করে: নবীর নিজস্ব মিশন ছিল ছোট ছোট লক্ষণগুলোর প্রথম। নিচে, আমরা কিয়ামতের ছোট ছোট লক্ষণগুলো কালানুক্রমিকভাবে অনুসন্ধান করব, কুরআনের আয়াত, প্রামাণিক হাদিস এবং প্রাচীন ও আধুনিক আলেমদের অন্তর্দৃষ্টি সংযুক্ত করে। প্রতিটি লক্ষণ ঐতিহাসিক প্রেক্ষাপট এবং তার অর্থের প্রতিফলনসহ উপস্থাপন করা হয়েছে, আকর্ষণীয় এবং তাত্ত্বিকভাবে গভীরভাবে। গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পয়েন্টগুলো বোল্ড করা হয়েছে এবং কুরআনিক ও হাদিস উদ্ধৃতিগুলো স্পষ্টতার জন্য পৃথক ব্লকে দেওয়া হয়েছে।

১. নবীর মিশন এবং প্রাথমিক লক্ষণসমূহ

প্রফেট মুহাম্মদ (PBUH) এর আগমন নিজেই কিয়ামতের আগমনের একটি সংকেত। এক হাদিসে তিনি বলেন:

আমি প্রেরিত হয়েছি (নবী হিসেবে) এবং কিয়ামত এই দুই আঙ্গুলের মতো কাছাকাছি।

এই সময়ের ঘনিষ্ঠতা নির্দেশ করে যে আর কোনো নবী আসবে না, এবং ঘড়ি যে কোনো সময় আসতে পারে। নবীর জীবদ্দশায়, চাঁদ ফাটার ঘটনা আরেকটি অসাধারণ লক্ষণ ছিল। কুরআনে এই মিরাকল উল্লেখ আছে:

কিয়ামত নিকটে এসেছে, এবং চাঁদ ফাটিয়ে দেওয়া হয়েছে।কুরআন ৫৪:১

প্রথম মুসলিমরা মক্কায় এই ঘটনা প্রত্যক্ষ করেছিল, যা নবীর বার্তার সত্যতা নিশ্চিত করেছিল এবং আসন্ন ঘড়ির সতর্কতা দিয়েছিল।

প্রফেট মুহাম্মদ (PBUH) এর মৃত্যু ৬৩২ খ্রিস্টাব্দে তাঁর মিশনের পর প্রথম ছোট ছোট লক্ষণগুলোর একটি ছিল। সাহাবারা এই ক্ষতি গভীরভাবে অনুভব করেছিল, মুসলিম উম্মাহর জন্য সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ বিপর্যয় হিসেবে। এটি নবীর নিজের ভবিষ্যদ্বাণীও পূরণ করেছিল। 'আউফ বিন মালিক' এর বিখ্যাত বর্ণনায় নবী ছয়টি ঘটনা পূর্বাভাস দিয়েছিলেন যা শীঘ্রই ঘটবে:

ঘড়ির আগমনের ছয়টি লক্ষণ গণনা করো: আমার মৃত্যু, জেরুজালেমের বিজয়, একটি মহামারী যা তোমাদের আঘাত করবে (এবং অনেককে মেরে ফেলবে) যেমন মহিষের রোগ, সম্পদের বৃদ্ধি এমন যে কেউ ১০০ দিনার পেলে তবুও সন্তুষ্ট হবে না, একটি ফিতনা যা কোনো আরব বাড়ি এড়াবে না, এবং তারপর তোমাদের ও বানী আল-আসফার (বাইজেন্টাইন) এর মধ্যে একটি শান্তি চুক্তি যা তারা তোমাদের প্রতারণা করবে এবং আশি পতাকার নিচে আক্রমণ করবে..._

প্রতিটি ঘটনা ধারাবাহিকভাবে ঘটেছে। নবীর মৃত্যু পরবর্তী সময়ে তরুণ মুসলিম জাতির জন্য অশান্তি ও পরীক্ষার সময় ছিল, কিন্তু একই সাথে উল্লেখযোগ্য বিজয় ও পরীক্ষা ঘটেছিল।

২. সাহাবাদের যুগ: বিজয় ও মহামারী

নবীর মৃত্যুর পর দ্রুত, মুসলিমরা, খলিফা 'উমর ইবনে খাত্তাব' এর নেতৃত্বে, জেরুজালেমের বিজয় অর্জন করে (৬৩৭ খ্রিস্টাব্দ)। এটি উপরের হাদিসের দ্বিতীয় লক্ষণ পূরণ করেছিল। সাহাবারা বিনম্রভাবে জেরুজালেম প্রবেশ করেছিল, 'উমর' এর নেতৃত্বে তার জনগণ ও পবিত্র স্থানগুলোর সুরক্ষা নিশ্চিত হয়েছিল। ইমাম ইবনে কাসিরের মত প্রাচীন আলেমরা উল্লেখ করেন যে নবীর মৃত্যুর কয়েক বছর পর এই ঘটনা বিশ্বাসীদের নবীর ভবিষ্যদ্বাণীর সত্যতা সম্পর্কে আত্মবিশ্বাস বাড়িয়েছিল, কারণ বিশ্বের একটি প্রধান শহর ইসলামকে সঠিকভাবে পতিত হয়েছিল।

অল্প সময় পর, ৬৩৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দে, 'আমওয়াস' (এমাউস) মহামারী সিরিয়া অঞ্চলে আঘাত হানে। এই মহামারীতে হাজার হাজার লোক মারা যায়, যার মধ্যে উল্লেখযোগ্য সাহাবা যেমন আবু উবায়দাহ ইবনে আল-জাররাহ এবং মুআয ইবনে জাবাল। নবী ﷺ এই বিপর্যয়কে এমন একটি দুর্যোগের সাথে তুলনা করেছিলেন "যা তোমাদের আঘাত করবে এবং অনেককে মেরে ফেলবে যেমন মহিষের রোগ"। আধুনিক আলেমরা এই মহামারী থেকে শিক্ষা নেন, যেমন সাহাবারা ধৈর্য্য ও আল্লাহর ইচ্ছার উপর নির্ভরতা প্রদর্শন করেছিল। 'আমওয়াস' মহামারী আধুনিক মহামারী আলোচনায় বিশ্বাস ও বুদ্ধিমত্তার উদাহরণ হিসেবে উল্লেখ করা হয় (যেমন নবীর নির্দেশনা অনুযায়ী মহামারী আক্রান্ত এলাকা থেকে পালানো থেকে বিরত থাকা)।

এই যুগে, মিথ্যা নবী ও মিথ্যাবাদীও উদ্ভূত হয়েছিল, যেমন নবী ﷺ পূর্বাভাস দিয়েছিলেন:

ঘড়ি প্রতিষ্ঠিত হবে না যতক্ষণ না প্রায় ত্রিশ মিথ্যাবাদী (দজ্জাল) উপস্থিত হয়, যারা প্রত্যেকে আল্লাহর রাসূল দাবি করবে।

নবীর জীবদ্দশায় এবং তার পরবর্তী সময়ে, মুসাইলামাহ আল-কাযযাব ইয়ামামায় এবং আল-আসওয়াদ আল-আনসী ইয়েমেনে নবী হওয়ার দাবি করেছিল। আবু বকর খিলাফতের সময় এই দাবিদারদের পরাজিত করার জন্য যুদ্ধ হয়েছিল, যা মুহাম্মদের মিশনের চূড়ান্ততা রক্ষা করেছিল। প্রাচীন ইতিহাসবিদরা যেমন ইমাম আল-তাবারী ও ইবনে কাসির এই ঘটনাগুলো বিস্তারিত বর্ণনা করেছেন, দেখিয়েছেন কীভাবে এগুলো নবীর সতর্কতার সাথে মিলে যায়।

আরেকটি প্রাথমিক অশান্তি ছিল মুসলিম উম্মাহর মধ্যে সংঘটিত ত্রাস ও ফিতনা: খলিফা 'উসমান' এর হত্যাকাণ্ড (৬৫৬ খ্রিস্টাব্দ), উটের যুদ্ধ ও সিফফিনের যুদ্ধ ('আলী' এর সময়ের গৃহযুদ্ধ), এবং খাওয়ারিজ মত চরমপন্থী গোষ্ঠীর উদ্ভব। এগুলোও পূর্বাভাস দেওয়া হয়েছিল। নবী ﷺ একবার একটি আসন্ন ফিতনার কথা বলেছিলেন, যা প্রতিটি আরব বাড়িতে প্রবেশ করবে। ব্যাখ্যাকারীরা যেমন ইবনে হাজর আল-আসকালানি ব্যাখ্যা করেন, এটি ঐ সংঘাতগুলোর ব্যাপক প্রভাব বোঝায়, আরবের পরিবার ও গোত্র বিভক্ত হয়ে পড়েছিল। এই কঠিন সময়গুলো বিশ্বাসের পরীক্ষা হিসেবে দেখা হয়েছিল, যা "সত্যবাদী" ﷺ পূর্বাভাস দিয়েছিলেন।

৭ম শতাব্দীর মাঝামাঝি (১৩শ শতাব্দী খ্রিস্টাব্দে) আরবিয়ায় একটি অসাধারণ ঘটনা ঘটে: হিজাজে একটি মহা অগ্নিকাণ্ড। ৬৫৪ হিজরী (১২৫৬ খ্রিস্টাব্দ) সালে, ঐতিহাসিক নথিতে একটি বিশাল আগুনের (সম্ভবত আগ্নেয়গিরির উদ্গীরণ) বর্ণনা পাওয়া যায় যা মদিনার কাছে রাতের আকাশ আলোকিত করেছিল। প্রখ্যাত ১৩শ শতাব্দীর আলেম ইমাম আল-নাওয়াবী লিখেছেন: "আমাদের সময়ে মদিনায় একটি আগুন দেখা দিয়েছিল... মদিনার পূর্ব পাশে একটি খুব বড় আগুন; এর আলো সিরিয়া পর্যন্ত দেখা গিয়েছিল"। এই ঘটনা কিছু ব্যাখ্যাকারীর মতে আরেকটি ছোট লক্ষণ হিসেবে গণ্য হয়। এটি নবীর কথার একটি সতর্কবার্তা হিসেবে কাজ করেছিল, শতাব্দী পরেও, এবং ব্যাপকভাবে নথিভুক্ত হয়েছিল, যা প্রমাণ করে ছোট লক্ষণগুলো প্রাথমিক ইসলামী যুগের অনেক পরে ও দেখা দিতে পারে, যা ভবিষ্যদ্বাণীগুলোর সত্যতা নিশ্চিত করে।

৩. সামাজিক ও নৈতিক অবক্ষয়: চলমান ছোট লক্ষণসমূহ

শতাব্দী পার হওয়ার সাথে সাথে, অনেক ছোট লক্ষণ সামাজিক ও নৈতিক প্রবণতা হিসেবে প্রকাশ পেয়েছে, একক ঘটনার চেয়ে। নবী মুহাম্মদ (PBUH) অনেক ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী দিয়েছিলেন যে ঘড়ি যত কাছে আসবে, বিশ্বাস ও নৈতিকতার অবস্থা কেমন হবে। এই লক্ষণগুলো আজকের দিনে স্পষ্ট প্রাসঙ্গিক, যা নির্দেশ করে আমরা হয়তো এগুলো মধ্য দিয়ে যাচ্ছি।

একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ লক্ষণ হলো সততা ও বিশ্বাসের ক্ষয়। আবু হুরায়রা বর্ণনা করেন যে আল্লাহর রাসূল বলেছেন:

যখন আমানাহ (সততা) হারিয়ে যাবে, তখন ঘড়ির জন্য অপেক্ষা করো। জিজ্ঞেস করা হলো কিভাবে হারাবে। তিনি বললেন, যখন ক্ষমতা তাদের হাতে দেওয়া হবে যারা তা প্রাপ্য নয়, তখন ঘড়ির জন্য অপেক্ষা করো।

যখন নেতৃত্ব ও দায়িত্ব অযোগ্য বা দুর্নীতিগ্রস্তদের হাতে পড়ে, তখন সততা ক্ষয় পায়। প্রাচীন আলেমরা যেমন আল-কুরতুবী উল্লেখ করেন, এই হাদিস রাজনৈতিক ও সামাজিক অবক্ষয়ের সারাংশ, যখন মানুষ ব্যক্তিগত লাভের জন্য বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করবে। আধুনিক লেখকরা এই লক্ষণ আজকের সময়ে দেখেন: অনৈতিক নেতারা থেকে শুরু করে ব্যবসায়িক প্রতারণা, যখন আমানাহ ব্যাপকভাবে অবহেলা করা হয়, তখন এটি ঘড়ির আগমনের সংকেত। মুসলিমদের জন্য একটি ব্যবহারিক শিক্ষা হলো নিজেদের মধ্যে সততা ও যোগ্যতা বজায় রাখা, যাতে এই নেতিবাচক প্রবণতার বিরুদ্ধে দাঁড়ানো যায়।

আরেকটি পরিচিত ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী বর্ণনা করে ব্যাপক অজ্ঞতা ও জ্ঞানের অবক্ষয়। এটি বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞানের কথা নয়, বরং ধর্মীয় পবিত্র জ্ঞানের কথা। নবী ﷺ বলেছেন "আল্লাহ জ্ঞান মানুষ থেকে তুলে নেন না, তবে আলেমদের মৃত্যু দ্বারা তুলে নেন," যার ফলে অজ্ঞ নেতারা ফতোয়া দিবে এবং অন্যদের ভুল পথে নিয়ে যাবে (বুখারি ও মুসলিমে বর্ণিত)। এক হাদিসে বলা হয়েছে:

ঘড়ির লক্ষণ হলো জ্ঞান নেওয়া হবে, অজ্ঞতা ছড়িয়ে পড়বে; মদ্যপান হবে, এবং জিনায় (ব্যভিচার) ব্যাপকতা হবে।

বিশেষজ্ঞরা দেখেছেন যে মহান আলেমরা মৃত্যুবরণ করার পর, সম্প্রদায়ে শিক্ষিত দিকনির্দেশনার অভাব দেখা দেয় এবং ধর্মীয় অজ্ঞতা ছড়িয়ে পড়ে। ব্যাপক অজ্ঞতা নৈতিক বিভ্রান্তির দরজা খুলে দেয়, যা নবী (PBUH) এর সাথে যুক্ত করেছেন: ব্যভিচার, মদ্যপান ও অন্যান্য পাপের বিস্তার। প্রাচীন ফকিহ ও আধুনিক বক্তারা এই হাদিস প্রায়ই উদ্ধৃত করেন মুসলিমদের সতর্ক করার জন্য, যাতে তারা সঠিক ইসলামী জ্ঞান অর্জন করে এবং নৈতিকতা বজায় রাখে, বিশেষ করে যখন পাপগুলো স্বাভাবিক হয়ে উঠেছে।

অনৈতিকতা ও লজ্জাহীনতা ব্যাপক হওয়া ছোট লক্ষণের পুনরাবৃত্তি। ইমাম আহমদের মুসনাদ এবং অন্যান্য সূত্রে বর্ণিত যে "ঘড়ি আসবে না যতক্ষণ না মানুষ রাস্তার মধ্যে গাধার মতো খোলাখুলি সম্পর্ক করবে।" একটু মৃদু ভাষায়, বুখারি ও মুসলিম বর্ণনা করেন: "ব্যভিচার ছড়িয়ে পড়বে এবং মদ্যপান সাধারণ হবে।" আজকের দিনে, জনসাধারণের শালীনতা সর্বকালের সর্বনিম্ন পর্যায়ে এবং অবাধ যৌনতা মিডিয়ায় প্রশংসিত হচ্ছে। ইবনে কায়্যিমের মত প্রাচীন আলেমরা উল্লেখ করেছেন, যখন সমাজ জিনাকে তুচ্ছ মনে করবে, তখন তা সামাজিক পতনের কারণ হবে, যা ঘড়ির আগের একটি পৃথিবীবিষয়ক ফলাফল। আধুনিক আলেমরা সতর্ক করেন যে এই পাপের প্রতি অসংবেদনশীল হওয়া উচিত নয়, কারণ এই প্রবণতাগুলো স্পষ্টভাবে লক্ষণ হিসেবে পূর্বাভাস দেওয়া হয়েছে, তাই আমাদের মূল্যবোধে দৃঢ় থাকা উচিত, যদিও "সবাই এটা করছে।"

মদ্যপান ও বাদ্যযন্ত্র সম্পর্কেও বলা হয়েছে। নবী পূর্বাভাস দিয়েছিলেন যে তাঁর উম্মতের কিছু লোক "রেশম, মদ ও বাদ্যযন্ত্রকে বৈধ মনে করবে", এবং এর ফলে দুর্যোগ তাদের ওপর আসবে। প্রাচীন ব্যাখ্যাকারীরা (যেমন ইবনে হাজর) বলেন এটি এমন একটি সংস্কৃতির প্রতি ইঙ্গিত যেখানে মানুষ বিলাসিতা ও বিনোদনে এতটাই নিমগ্ন হবে যে স্পষ্ট নিষিদ্ধ জিনিসগুলো (মদ, ব্যভিচার) বৈধ বলে দেখানোর চেষ্টা করবে। এক হাদিসে তিনি বলেছেন "গায়কী নারী ও বাদ্যযন্ত্র প্রচলিত হবে" এবং "ভূমিধস ও রূপান্তর ঘটবে" এর ফলস্বরূপ। আধুনিক আলেমরা এটিকে সব ধরনের সঙ্গীত নিষিদ্ধ হিসেবে দেখেন না (যা বিতর্কিত বিষয়), তবে তারা একমত যে হাদিসটি অতিরিক্ত ভোগবাদী সংস্কৃতির বিরুদ্ধে সতর্ক করে, যা আজকের দিনে আমরা দেখি যেখানে সঙ্গীত, ক্লাবিং ও অশ্লীলতা প্রায়শই একসাথে চলে।

সম্পদের বৃদ্ধি ও ভৌতিক বৈভব আরেকটি লক্ষণ যা নৈতিক অবক্ষয়ের বিপরীতে। নবী ﷺ পূর্বাভাস দিয়েছিলেন "সম্পদ এত বৃদ্ধি পাবে যে কেউ ১০০ দিনার পেলে তবুও সন্তুষ্ট হবে না।" এটি প্রাথমিক মুসলিমদের জন্য অবিশ্বাস্য ছিল, কিন্তু 'উসমান' এর যুগে এবং পরবর্তীতে ইসলামী সাম্রাজ্যের ধন-সম্পদ বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছিল এবং আজ বিশ্বব্যাপী সম্পদ অসীম। ধনী হওয়ার পরেও মানুষের সন্তুষ্টি কমে গেছে, যা ইমাম আল-গাজালী মত প্রাচীন দার্শনিকরা উল্লেখ করেছেন যে নফস (অহংকার) কখনোই ভোগ দ্বারা তৃপ্ত হয় না। আধুনিক অর্থনীতিবিদরা এটিকে "আপেক্ষিক দারিদ্র্য" হিসেবে ব্যাখ্যা করতে পারেন, যতই কেউ পায়, অন্যদের বেশি দেখে অসন্তুষ্ট হয়। এখানে লক্ষণ শুধু সম্পদ নয়, বরং ব্যাপক ভোগবাদ ও কৃতজ্ঞতার অভাব, যা বিশ্বাসীদের কৃতজ্ঞতা ও দান করার জন্য উদ্বুদ্ধ করা উচিত।

সম্পদের সাথে, নবী উল্লেখ করেছেন "সময় দ্রুত অতিক্রম করবে" (বুখারি, হাদিস ফিতান বইয়ে), যা আধুনিক যুগের দ্রুত যোগাযোগের সময়ে অনেকেই অনুভব করেন। দিন ও বছর দ্রুত পেরিয়ে যায়, এবং সময়ের বরকত কমে যায়। আলেমরা এটিকে সময়ের বরকতের বাস্তব হ্রাস বা জীবনের দ্রুত গমন বোঝাতে পারেন। এটি মুসলিমদের স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয় যে তারা তাদের সময় ভালো কাজে ব্যবহার করুক যতক্ষণ তা আছে।

আরেকটি ছোট লক্ষণ যা আজ স্পষ্ট দেখা যায় তা হলো পোশাক ও আচরণের মূল্যবোধের বিপরীততা, বিশেষ করে নারীদের শালীনতা সম্পর্কে। নবী ﷺ বলেছেন:

এমন নারীরা থাকবে যারা পোশাক পরেছে কিন্তু নগ্ন, আকর্ষণীয় হাঁটার ভঙ্গিতে চলবে, মাথায় উটের কাঁটের মতো কিছু থাকবে। তারা জান্নাতে প্রবেশ করবে না, এমনকি তার গন্ধও পাবেন না।

ইমাম নাওয়াবী তাঁর সহীহ মুসলিমের ব্যাখ্যায় "পোশাক পরেছে কিন্তু নগ্ন" বলতে বোঝানো হয়েছে এমন পোশাক যা উন্মুক্ত বা আঁটসাঁট, যা হিজাবের মূল উদ্দেশ্যের বিরোধী। "উটের কাঁটা" বলতে বোঝানো হয় এমন চুলের সাজ বা অলঙ্কার যা মাথার ওপর উঁচু করে রাখা হয় (যা অপছন্দনীয়)। এই ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী আধুনিক ফ্যাশন প্রবণতার মতো শোনায়। প্রাচীন আলেমরা এই দূরদর্শিতায় বিস্মিত হয়েছিলেন; আধুনিক মুসলিম বক্তারা এই হাদিস ব্যবহার করে এই ধরনের ফ্যাশন অনুসরণের বিরুদ্ধে পরামর্শ দেন। ব্যবহারিক শিক্ষা হলো নারীদের অবমাননা নয়, বরং এটি নারীদের এবং পুরুষদের সতর্ক করে যে শালীনতা ও মর্যাদা বজায় রাখা উচিত, যা সমাজের নৈতিক কাঠামো রক্ষা করে।

নারীর সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি ও পুরুষের অভাবও উল্লেখ আছে। উপরের আনাস ইবনে মালিকের হাদিসে নবী বলেছেন যে এমন সময় আসবে যখন পুরুষ কমে যাবে এবং নারী বাড়বে, এমনকি এক পুরুষ পঞ্চাশ নারীর দেখাশোনা করবে। অনেকেই এটিকে শারীরিক অর্থে গ্রহণ করেন (যুদ্ধ ও সংঘাতের কারণে পুরুষের সংখ্যা কমে যাওয়া)। অন্যরা এটিকে রূপক হিসেবে দেখেন: পুরুষরা তাদের দায়িত্ব ত্যাগ করবে, এক পুরুষ অনেক নারীর দেখাশোনা করবে। যাই হোক, এটি সামাজিক চাপ ও পরিবার কাঠামোর পরিবর্তনের সংকেত। আধুনিক ব্যাখ্যাকারীরা বলেন এটি আমাদেরকে নবীর শিক্ষাগুলো পুনরুজ্জীবিত করার জন্য উদ্বুদ্ধ করা উচিত যাতে পরিবারে ন্যায়পরায়ণতা বজায় থাকে এবং লিঙ্গভিত্তিক দায়িত্বের অপব্যবহার না হয়।

ব্যাপক হত্যাকাণ্ড (হারজ) আরেকটি দুঃখজনক লক্ষণ। নবী বলেছেন "ঘড়ি আসবে না যতক্ষণ না হত্যাকাণ্ড বৃদ্ধি পায়।" হত্যাকাণ্ড, গণহত্যা, এমনকি অযৌক্তিক গুলিবর্ষণ, ২০ ও ২১ শতকে এর উদাহরণ। তিনি এমনকি বলেছেন যে হত্যাকারী ও নিহত কেউ জানবে না কেন হত্যা হলো (মুসলিম, কিতাব আল-ফিতান)। প্রাচীন তাফসিরকারীরা এটিকে শেষ সময়ের বিশৃঙ্খলা ও আইনশৃঙ্খলার সাথে যুক্ত করেছেন; আধুনিক আলেমরা এটিকে আধুনিক সন্ত্রাসবাদ, এলোমেলো সহিংসতা ও যুদ্ধের পূর্ণতা হিসেবে দেখেন। এটি ইসলামে জীবন পবিত্রতার প্রতিফলন, যা ঘড়ির কাছে আসার সাথে সাথে ক্ষয় পায়; তাই মুসলিমরা ন্যায় ও শান্তির প্রতি দৃঢ় থাকা উচিত।

প্রাকৃতিক ঘটনাগুলোও ছোট লক্ষণের অংশ: ভূমিকম্পের বৃদ্ধি ও দুর্যোগ হাদিসে উল্লেখ আছে (বুখারি)। আমরা এখন আগের চেয়ে বেশি ভূমিকম্প রেকর্ড করছি (কেউ কেউ এটিকে উন্নত প্রযুক্তির ফল বলে মনে করেন, আবার কেউ কেউ এটিকে ঐশ্বরিক লক্ষণ)। যাই হোক, নবীর কথা বিশ্বাসীদের নম্রতা ও ক্ষমা প্রার্থনার জন্য সতর্ক করে যখন পৃথিবী itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself 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itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself 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itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself 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itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself itself 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